行动者“漏斗效应”:党内法规执行问题的解释框架

党内法规能否执行到位,关系到党要管党、全面从严治党的重大战略部署,关系到良好政治生态的形成和党的长期执政能力建设等重要议题。究竟是哪些因素影响党内法规的有效执行,本研究选择《中国共产党巡视工作条例》《干部教育培训工作条例》《中共中央关于加强社会主义协商民主建设的意见》在T省的执行案例作为研究对象,遵循扎根理论的研究逻辑,直接从经验材料入手,不断归纳、对比和提炼,提出"行动者‘漏斗效应’"的解释框架。党内法规执行的行动者受认知共同体、制度协同性、激励与约束与行动者知识的因素制约,呈现层层失守的执行损耗。     

法治视阈下基层社会矛盾的多元善治

全面深化改革进入深水区遭遇社会转型期,历史积累的问题与改革发展的问题交织,复杂多样的社会矛盾不断涌现,尤在基层社会凸显。从根源上看,基层社会矛盾仍属人民内部矛盾,多为民众的利益诉求而非政治诉求。重构基层社会矛盾治理路径,规制各方行为,维护好群众合理合法权益,是为基层社会矛盾治理之首要任务。新形势下,应以法治思维为指引,以社会主义核心价值观为依归,培育社会组织,强化社会组织和基层部门行为以及完善基层社会自治的法治规制,从而构建多元解纷的法治机制,达成涵摄“多元、共享、参与、合作、宽容”等包容性治理元素的基层社会矛盾多元善治,从而化解社会风险,维护公正、安宁、和谐的社会秩序。     

著作权转换性使用的本土路径重塑

著作权转换性使用作为判定新型合理使用行为的一个重要因素,有着重要的理论价值和实践意义。然而,在我国转换性使用的司法实践中,却存在着对转换性使用体系认知不足、释法路径不当,以及运作体系不畅的现实困境。从本质上而言,转换性使用蕴含着促进公共利益的直接价值取向,但其并不具有独立判定合理使用成立与否的规则效力。基于此,为了更好地发挥转换性使用的内在价值和功能,一方面需要确立开放式合理使用的一般规则,进一步规范转换性使用的司法判定,以增强合理使用分析的灵活性和可操作性;另一方面,需要明确转换性合理使用的法定情形,以提升合理使用分析的确定性和周延性。     

美国第三人侵害商业秘密的民事责任认定及其借鉴

在侵害商业秘密案件中,划定第三人的合法行为与非法行为界限时,尤其是认定善意第三人的法律责任,应当综合考虑并适当平衡商业秘密法律保护的有关目标。美国《侵权法重述》《统一商业秘密法》和《反不正当竞争法重述》都明确规定恶意第三人需要承担责任,但善意第三人则不尽相同。我国《反不正当竞争法》只规定恶意第三人需要承担责任,未明确善意第三人是否需要承担责任,因此建议规定善意第三人在特定情形下可以进行不侵权抗辩。     

Studying North Korea through North Korean migrants: lessons from the field

This article examines the use of North Korean defectors’ accounts as a source of information for studying the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Information from defectors fills a vital knowledge gap and improves our understanding of North Korean politics, economics, and society. Witness accounts and interview data collected from people who were born in North Korea but have since left have been widely used by journalists, government agencies, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and academics. There are, however, serious methodological issues in collecting, organizing, and interpreting information derived from defectors’ accounts. Selection and demographic biases, power relations between researchers and interviewees, monetary incentives, and language barriers are among those issues. We propose focus group discussions and participatory observation as complementary methods of data collection to mitigate the shortfalls of relying on individual interviews.     

防治网络欺凌的国际经验及其启示

随着信息与通信技术的迅速发展和日益普及,青少年对信息技术的依赖程度进一步加深,在复杂的网络环境中,衍生了一种以网络为媒介的新型欺凌方式。网络欺凌以其隐蔽性、时空的延展性、更强的破坏性对青少年的健康成长带来了不利的影响。国外学者认为,青少年对网络技术的误用、接触网络暴力、内在心理问题、社交适应能力、教师和父母的干预能力等因素是影响网络欺凌的重要因素。因此,政府、学校、教师、家长、社会等多个主体应参与其中,从法律、课程、上网技巧、心理辅导等多方面进行综合治理和引导,为青少年营造健康成长的网络环境。     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

《物权法》(草案)语言文字问题刍议

本文仅就《物权法》(草案)文本中语言文字问题零碎地谈一些肤浅的看法。这些问题包括:句子逻辑性不强、句子歧义、句式不当、概念不清、用语不统一等问题,并提出了相应的建议。     

《承认与执行外国民商事判决公约》及对我国的影响

2019年7月2日,在荷兰海牙举行的海牙国际私法会议举行的第22届外交大会上,来自70多个国家、欧盟和10多个国际组织共400余名代表谈判通过了《承认与执行外国民商事判决公约》(以下简称《判决执行公约》)。中国及其他各国代表对最终的公约文本予以确认。《判决执行公约》是首个全面确立民商事判决国际流通统一规则的国际性文件,系统规定了承认与执行外国民商事判决的范围和条件等,对国际民商事领域的司法合作影响深远。